the innovator patent of gasoline-fueled automobiles

the innovator patent of gasoline-fueled automobiles

Karl Friedrich Benz (born 25 November 1844 - died 4 April 1929 at the age of 84 years) is a German automobile engineer. Generally he (with Gottlieb Daimler were contemporaries) regarded as one of the innovator patent of gasoline-fueled automobiles. He is also the son of a machinist.

In 1903 Benz retired from Benz & Co.., But remained a member of the supervisory board until his death. Company and Daimler Benz merge to form Daimler-Benz in 1926, which later changed its name to Mercedes-Benz. Benz in Ladenburg died in 1929 in Neckar, Germany

patent of structural engineering

patent development of structural engineering

1452-1519 Leonardo da Vinci made ​​a variety of contributions in geometry and create a new bridge design and will be realized in the 21st century .

1638 : Galileo Galilei published the book " Two New Sciences " in which he conducted an inspection of the failure of the simple structure

1660 : published by Robert Hooke's Law Hooke

1687 : Isaac Newton published " Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica " which contains Newton 's laws of motion

1750 : Euler - Bernoulli beam equation

1700-1782 : Daniel Bernoulli introduced the principle of virtual work

1707-1783 : Leonhard Euler developed the theory of bending ( buckling ) column

1826 : Claude - Louis Navier published a treatise on the elastic properties of the structure

1873 : Carlo Alberto Castigliano presented in his dissertation , " intorno elastici ai sistemi " , which contains his theory to calculate the displacement as partial derivative of voltage energy

1936 : Publication of the Hardy Cross moment distribution method is then known as a form of relaxation methods can be applied to problems in the structure of the pipeline

1941 : Alexander Hrennikoff put his thesis at Massachusetts Institute of Technology on the subject of elasticity of discretized lattice fields using the model framework ( lattice framework )

1942 : Richard Courant divide the modeling domain into finite subregions ( finite subregions )

1956 : The work of J. Turner, R. W. Clough , H. C. Martin , and L. J. Topp 's entitled " Stiffness and deflection of Complex Structures " ( stiffness and deflection of complex structures ) introduced the finite element method is currently used extensively

photographic film was pioneered by George Eastman

the "Kodak," trademark, and first camera also patent.
The use of photographic film was pioneered by George Eastman, who started manufacturing paper film in 1885 before switching to celluloid in 1889. His first camera, which he called the "Kodak," was first offered for sale in 1888.

 It was a very simple box camera with a fixed-focus lens and single shutter speed, which along with its relatively low price appealed to the average consumer. The Kodak came pre-loaded with enough film for 100 exposures and needed to be sent back to the factory for processing and reloading when the roll was finished. By the end of the 19th century Eastman had expanded his lineup to several models including both box and folding cameras.

In 1900, Eastman took mass-market photography one step further with the Brownie, a simple and very inexpensive box camera that introduced the concept of the snapshot. The Brownie was extremely popular and various models remained on sale until the 1960s.
Film also allowed the movie camera to develop from an expensive toy to a practical commercial tool.

Despite the advances in low-cost photography made possible by Eastman, plate cameras still offered higher-quality prints and remained popular well into the 20th century. To compete with rollfilm cameras, which offered a larger number of exposures per loading, many inexpensive plate cameras from this era were equipped with magazines to hold several plates at once. Special backs for plate cameras allowing them to use film packs or rollfilm were also available, as were backs that enabled rollfilm cameras to use plates.
Except for a few special types such as Schmidt cameras, most professional astrographs continued to use plates until the end of the century when electronic photography replaced them.

Patent, penemuan ban radial

Ban radial, patent penemuan Ban radial adalah sejenis desain ban otomotif. Rancangan ban radial pertama dipatenkan pada tahun 1915 oleh Arthur W. Savage, seorang produsen ban yang sukses dan seorang penemu di San Diego,

 California. Paten Savage telah kadaluarsa pada tahun 1949. Ban radial biasanya digunakan untuk mobil berpenumpang dan truk ringan dan jarang digunakan untuk kendaraan berat seperti tronton atau kendaraan berat lainnya. Ban radial memiliki konstruksi carcass cord membentuk sudut 90 derajat terhadap keliling lingkaran ban. Jadi dilihat dari samping konstruksi cord adalah dalam arah radial terhadap pusat atau crown dari ban. 

Bagian dari ban berhubungan langsung dengan permukaan jalan diperkuat oleh semacam sabuk pengikat yang dinamakan "Breaker" atau "Belt". Ban Radial memiliki jalinan plycord yang membentang dari satu bibir ban ke bibir ban sampingnya. Jalinan antara Plycord juga di perkuat oleh sabuk kawat logam. Desain ini selanjutnya dikembangkan dan dikomersialkan secara luas oleh Michelin pada tahun 1946